Many people know that stars appear to twinkle because our atmosphere bends starlight as it travels to Earth. But stars also have an innate ‘twinkle’ — caused by rippling waves of gas on their surfaces — that is imperceptible to current Earth-bound telescopes. In a new study, researchers developed the first 3D simulations of energy rippling from a massive star’s core to its outer surface. Using these new models, the researchers determined, for the first time, how much stars should innately twinkle.