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By generating a specific mutation in lab mice, researchers determined that a protein domain in an enzyme called adenosine deaminase 1 p150 is necessary for binding and editing certain RNA molecules. Mutant mice showed inhibited growth after birth, as well as abnormally developed organs. Interestingly, their brains showed characteristics similar to encephalopathy seen in humans suffering from Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), a genetic inflammatory disorder. This work could help revolutionize treatment methods for AGS.