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Progressive dysfunction and failure of insulin-releasing beta-cells is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Researchers have now shown that diabetes-resistant and -susceptible mice respond differently to a carbohydrate-rich diet. The gene expression of the beta cells of the diabetes-resistant mice changed in such a way that a protective beta cell cluster developed. In diabetic-prone mice, a failure to adjust gene expression in response to rising blood glucose levels led to increased metabolic stress and beta cell failure.